Rhetorical Analysis Of Slavery In The Declaration Of...

Benjamin Banneker was many things such as a slave, farmer, astronomer, mathematician, surveyor and author. He was always an advocate against slavery, he even wrote a letter to Thomas Jefferson about it. In his letter he mentioned how freedom was a blessing from heaven, cited a part from the Declaration of Independence, and even made a reference to someone in the Bible. He used many rhetorical strategies to help argue that slavery should be outlawed, for example ethos, religious appeals, and pathos. Mr. Banneker in the second paragraph established ethos by citing a part of the Declaration of Independence. He cited the part about â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, and that they are endowed by their†¦show more content†¦Instead of giving everyone the rights they deserve, they are being sinners by committing horrendous acts. Many people love God but at the same time fear him, for he is all powerful. Mr.Banneker uses this to achieve hi s purpose, he specifically says â€Å"you should at the same time be found guilty†, he reminds Mr.Jefferson that he will be judge for all his sins. Mr. Banneker uses many religious appeals to help get his points across that slavery should be outlawed. Also, Mr. Banneker used pathos to help argue against slavery, he appealed to Mr. Jefferson’s ego. When Benjamin Banneker was talking about the Declaration of Independence he referred to it as a â€Å"valuable doctrine†¦ remembered in all succeeding ages†, this appeals to Thomas Jefferson because he was the principal author of it. Now he has caught Thomas Jefferson attention and has shown his respect towards him and his work. Not only has he shown his respect towards him but Mr. Jefferson can see that they agree on the same concept even if it’s not on the same page. He also used pathos, when reminding Mr.Jefferson about the time the U.S was under British rule. He did this to make a connection between slaves and colonists, he reminds him that they too had no freedom and had little hope of escaping the British crown. All of this helpsShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of Frederick Douglass Context1479 Words   |  6 Pagesspeech that changed the views of millions over the Fourth of July. By using the experience Douglas has encountered as a slave, the historical context to support his argument and certain rhetorical devices, Douglass remarks a speech in order for the citizens of Rochester to be aware of the hypocrisy of American Slavery. Research As a child, Douglass escaped the harshness of field labor and was transferred to Baltimore where he was taught by a master’s wife how to literate. This opportunity of educationRead MoreThe Life Of Frederick Douglass Context1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthat changed the views of millions over the Fourth of July. By using the experience Douglas has encountered as a slave, the historical context to support his argument and certain rhetorical devices, Douglass remarks a speech in order for the leading citizens of Rochester to be aware of the hypocrisy of American Slavery. Research As a child, Douglass escaped the harshness of field labor and was transferred to Baltimore where he was taught by a master’s wife how to literate. This opportunity of educationRead MoreBenjamin Banneker Rhetorical Analysis1326 Words   |  6 PagesBanneker Analysis After the Revolutionary War, and while America was still trying to establish itself, it faced many problems in society, including the issue of race and slavery. There were many Americans who viewed blacks as inferior beings who should be confined to a life of slavery. Thomas Jefferson, the father of The Declaration of Independence, was one of those people. In 1791, Benjamin Banneker, a free and educated black man, responded to Jefferson’s work,c Notes on the State of Virginia, whichRead MoreThomas Jefferson Rhetorical Analysis1011 Words   |  5 PagesMy rhetorical analysis is about a free African-American almanac writer, naturalist, and farmer who fought against slavery and who earned the recognition of many high officials of the time, including Thomas Jefferson. As D.L. Chandler pointed out, Benjamin Banneker, wrote to Thomas Jefferson, on August 19, 1791, to condemn the practice of slavery in the United States. Banneker attempted to persuade Thomas Jefferson of his forbear ance of slave practices and the fact that he owned slaves yet pronouncedRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis on Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I have a Dream†1051 Words   |  4 Pagesupon for its emotive rhetoric and its illustration of a prospect of brotherhood. This rhetorical analysis will focus on a few major points, such as, the appeals Dr. King uses, which is mostly pathos, to make this speech a persuasive one; the arguments he makes about the unfulfilled American dream of true independence and democracy and the urgency of taking an action against inequality; the stylistic or rhetorical devices brought into play; the relation and affect of the title to the speech. The mostRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis: of I Have a Dream Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech, King makes use of an innumerable amount of rhetorical devices that augment the overall understanding and flow of the speech. King makes the audience feel an immense amount of emotion due to the outstanding use of pathos in his speech. King also generates a vast use of rhetorical devices including allusion, anaphora, and antithesis. The way that King conducted his speech adds to the comprehension and gives the effect that he wants to rise above the injusticesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address1564 Words   |  7 PagesA rhetorical analysis explores nonfictional works and determine if the techniques used make the piece effective (Texas AM University). The Gettysburg Address is one of the most notorious speeches. A rhetorical analysis of this legendary speech would reveal the key components that made it so prom inent. The evaluation of the genre, and rhetorical devices, ethos, pathos, and logos, in the speech show how the piece was effective. Abraham Lincoln is one of the most renowned presidents in history. DuringRead MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton And The Declaration Of Independence Essay1894 Words   |  8 Pagesauthored by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and presented in Seneca Falls, New York on July 19, 1848 at the first Women’s Rights Convention, The Declaration of Sentiments outlined a series of grievances resulting from the marginalization of women and proposed eleven resolutions, arguing that women had the right to equality in all aspects of their lives. The Declaration generated widespread ridicule and even hostility particularly from religious leaders and members of the press and even some members of theRead MoreBarack Obama s A More Perfect Union1460 Words   |  6 Pagesspeech conveyed many of his beliefs concerning racism. Obama is the son of a white woman and a Kenyan man, an d just because of his race people are either with or against him. He begins his speech by talking about the founding fathers and the Declaration of Independence by saying that ‘all men are created equal’. His former pastor, Reverend Jeremiah Wright brought up some of his observations about racism which caused some unease. He continues his speech by saying that the solution to ending this uneaseRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream1140 Words   |  5 PagesJeicy Brito â€Å"I Have a Dream† Rhetorical Analysis African American Baptist minister and activist, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, addresses racism against Negros and demands equal rights and freedoms. King’s purpose is to motivate his audience to join him in fighting for what they deserve. He shifts from an urgent, demanding tone at the beginning of the speech to a more hopeful and patriotic tone towards the end. Throughout the speech, Dr. King appeals to the audience’s desire

Mental Health Depression Essay - 1602 Words

Mental Health and Psychiatry Mental Health and Psychiatry – Assignment Number One (Depression) Question 1.1: Analyse why men are more likely to describe the physical symptoms of depression, rather than the emotional ones, when seeking treatment. Men are much more likely to describe the physical symptoms than the emotional ones because they always feel like they have to be in control and macho; they like to feel in control of their families. Men are much less likely to acknowledge that there is actually a problem. Instead of seeking medical treatment with a doctor or specialist men are much more likely to seek refuge in drink or drugs. Men tend to feel irritable and angry instead of hopeless and helpless, therefore, doctors are†¦show more content†¦They also tend to be the ones that children turn to with their problems which can sometimes be quite bad and can affect a woman much more than a man. Women often keep things to do with children from their partners and husbands, so as not to cause trouble and issues for their children. They are the mother hen, the protector, so they take on a lot of burden which can lead to depression and sometimes lead to major breakdowns. Question 1.3: Analyse why depression often carries a lot of social stigma. One of the main issues that people who suffer from depression have to deal with is the social stigma surrounding it. Depression is classed as a Mental Illness; therefore, they have to deal with the perceptions of other people around them. People try to live a normal life whilst those around them look at them differently. This includes; employers, co-workers, family and friends who have known them for long periods of time. They all start to view them differently. A lot of people wrongly assume that people with a mental illness are violent and potentially dangerous. People are afraid and this shows in their attitudes and general persona’s. People are afraid of what they simply don’t understand. This is potentially detrimental to people suffering with depression as they start to feel alone and totally isolated. A social stigma is a negative generalisation against a group of people; in this case that group of people are people suffering fromShow MoreRelatedMental Health And Depression1134 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to a recent study by the National Institute of Mental Health, it was revealed that 13% of African American women suffer from depression at some point in their life, a number higher than the general population (Ward, Wiltshire, Detry, Brown, 2013). Mood and Anxiety disorders such as Depression are experienced by black women from all walks of life, especially those from low Socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to a variety of factors black women are more likely to report psychological disturbancesRead MoreMental Depression And Mental Health Counseling851 Words   |  4 PagesDuring her time at Independent Living, she hasn’t encountered a large scale of crisis during her time as a mental health counselor. However, while receiving her mental health counseling degree, Hurricane Sandy occurred and she counseled the geriatric population after they were traumatized. She has faced several client crisis, one involved counseling a client who functioned within the Borderline Range of Intellectual Developmental Disabilities with Autism, Anxiety Disorder NOS and Obsessive CompulsiveRead MoreMental Health Issues Like Depression852 Words   |  4 PagesUdisa Chowdhury Mental health issues like depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and substance abuse mostly start in adolescence, â€Å"an estimated one in five adolescents has a diagnosable disorder† (Murphey, 2013; ) then peak in late adolescence which most people would define as young adulthood. As someone who have gone through depression for a little time, I received help as I attend a college which offers out of charge short term service to such students but not every young adult in the USA is inRead MoreCognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt ) Is Effective For Treating Depression And Anxiety With Patients With A Mental Health Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagestreating depression and anxiety with patients with a mental health diagnosis with an intellectual disability. the American Psychiatric Association defines cognitive behavioral therapy as an evidenced based approach for treatment of depression and is recommended as the treatment of choice is proven to reduce anxiety and depression. The pur pose for my paper is to research weather or not cognitive behavior therapy is effective for decreasing anxiety and depression in patients with a mental health diagnosisRead MoreMental Health And Adolescents With Depression / Depression1525 Words   |  7 PagesMental Health in Adolescents The patient is a thirteen year old female diagnosed with depression/ depression NOS. She is in the hospital for attempting to kill herself by stabbing her stomach with a knife. She had been there for almost a week when the assessment was conducted. Hand off states she sees things in the shadows (visual hallucinations), and she was molested by her thirty year old cousin and sodomised by her neighbor when she was four. Her home situation is not a therapeutic one, her andRead MoreThe Effects Of Mental Health And Depression747 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction According to a recent study by the National Institute of Mental Health, it was revealed that 13% of African American women suffer from depression at some point in their life, a number higher than the general population (Ward, Wiltshire, Detry, Brown, 2013). Mood and Anxiety disorders such as Depression are experienced by black women from all walks of life, especially those from low Socioeconomic backgrounds. Due to a variety of factors Black women are more likely to report psychologicalRead MoreDepression and Mental Health Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesDepression is a medical, mental disorder that causes a constant feeling of sadness, hopelessness, worthlessness. Depression affects how the person feels, behaves, and thinks. It also leads to emotional and physical problems. People with depression find it hard to go about their day-to-day activities. As human beings, many of us have encountered tough times in our lives, which caused us to feel â€Å"depressed†. While those fee ling are short lived, people with depression will have feelings that are longRead More Depression: A Mental Health Condition 1752 Words   |  8 PagesEpidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health related situations and events that impact a community (McKenzie, Pinger, Kotecki, 2008). A common state that impacts a community is depression. Depression is a mental health condition that affects people of all ages. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2011), depression is described by a state of sadness and hopelessness. Some symptoms of depression include no interest in daily activities, fatigue, inabilityRead MorePostpartum Depression : A Mental Health Disorder1414 Words   |  6 Pages Postpartum depression, or PPD, is a mental health disorder that occurs in women prior to the birth of a newborn infant. PPD is caused by a dramatic shift in hormones occurring anywhere from a month to a year after childbirth. Because of the hormonal ch anges, women may feel that pregnancy is a time of happiness, fear, excitement, exhaustion, and even sadness. Expecting mothers may also feel a multitude of emotions after delivery as well. Postpartum depression in new mothers is a debilitating illnessRead MorePostpartum Depression And Its Effects On Mental Health1201 Words   |  5 PagesPostpartum depression is the epitome of grief, strife, and angst  which  slithers  and knots its cruel intentions through  every inch  of your body and soul.   It s a predominant force  in the daily life of mother s suffering with PPD,  relentlessly taunting its innocent victims to an extremely lonely,  dark breaking point. Feeding psychologically, this  tenacious monster s very  existence depending  entirely on its host;  much like a parasite. PPD causes an ever so exhausting atmosphere of  stricken dread

The Influence Of Sulphur Dioxide Emissions Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

Biogeochemical cycling is the term which describes the transportation of chemical elements and compounds between compartments, whilst taking into consideration the influences of biology. ( Harrison. R. We will write a custom essay sample on The Influence Of Sulphur Dioxide Emissions Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now M and Mora. S. J, 1996 ) . Anthropogenetic activities can impact on these rhythms, for case the consequence of sulfur dioxide emanations on the sulphur rhythm. A big proportion of these sulfurs dioxide emanations are sourced from the combustion of fossil fuels ( Hewitt and Jackson, 2009 ) , which has given rise to an addition in atmospheric deposition of sulfur, a term we may recognize as acerb rain. The undermentioned treatment analyses the beginning of these emanations, how they cause acerb deposition and the effects of it. The sulphur rhythm is comparatively complex and involves several gaseous species ( Manahan, 2005 ) . On land it is found chiefly as sulfide and sulfate ores, whereas in the oceans, it is present as dissolved sulfate ( Cullis and Hirschler, 1980 ) . In the ambiance the key sulphur compounds include hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide and sulfate aerosols and mists, where in footings of pollution the presence of sulfur dioxide is the most important portion of the sulphur rhythm ( Manahan, 2000 ) . The rhythm operates whereby sulfur is continuously transported between the different stages. Ivanov ( 1981 ) has attempted to place the major sulfur fluxes of both anthropogenetic and natural beginnings. Annually about 120b Tg S are extracted by adult male from the geosphere in fossil fuels and sulfur incorporating natural stuffs for the chemical industry. Of this sum 70 Tg S are emitted to the ambiance. Around half of the staying 50 Tg S straight enters rivers, and another portion is applied wi th fertilisers to agricultural land. Natural beginnings lending to the sulphur rhythm include 29 Tg yr-l from volcanic gases. River overflow is the major transportation of sulfur from continents to the ocean with an one-year burden of 224 Tg, where 109 Tg of this is accounted for by anthropogenetic pollution. The entire flux of assorted sulfurs signifiers from pelagic H2O to deposits and farther to the lithosphere sums to 130 Tg yr-l. Anthropogenic sulfur fluxes have now reached a degree that is comparable with natural fluxes and this is expected to increase in most parts of the universe ( Ivanov, 1981 ) . Sulphur dioxide emanations are now one of the largest fluxed in the sulphur rhythm. Sulphur dioxide can arise from natural and semisynthetic beginnings. Natural beginnings include gases from vents, forest fires and from the oxidization of other sulphur compounds such as H sulfide ( Environment Agency, 2010 ) . On the other manus, anthropogenetic activities ensuing in sulfur dioxide emanations include the smelting of ores, warming of pyrites, sulfur excavation and burning of fossil fuels ( Moller, 1984 ) . We are chiefly interested in the emanations from the combustion of fossils fuels, since the oncoming of the industrial revolution has increased the sulfur load in the ambiance dramatically. Hewitt and Jackson ( 2009 ) stated that the anthropogenetic part to the entire sulphur emanation budget, chiefly in the signifier of sulfur dioxide, approaches 75 % , with around 90 % of this derivation from the northern hemisphere. The most abundant beginning of atmospheric sulfur is the combustion of coal and its byproduct ; nevertheless this is hard to quantify due to the ass ortment of coals such as difficult coal, lignite and coal for cookery ( Cullis and Hirschler, 1980 ) . The following most of import beginning of atmospheric sulfur is the combustion of crude oil merchandises, where the coevals of sulfur from this is still increasing ( Cullis and Hirschler, 1980 ) . Even in the absence of air pollution, rain H2O is somewhat acidic ( pH 5.6 ) due to the presence of C dioxide, therefore why the phrase acid rain refers to rain with a pH of below 5 ( Clarke and Tomlin, 1999 ) . Acid rain is caused by sulfur and N oxides come ining the ambiance, where they are converted to sulphuric and azotic acids severally. When these combine with hydrochloric acid from lifting H chloride emanations, these acids so cause acidic precipitation ( Manahan, 2005 ) . Acid deposition is the general term for acid rain, acerb sleet and acid snow etc. There are two types of deposition, moisture and prohibitionist, where moisture involves the transition of sulfur dioxide to sulphuric acid in the presence of wet from the ambiance, and dry deposition occurs when sulfuric acid is converted into sulfate atoms which straight hit the Earth ‘s surface ( Hill, 1997 ) .The same applies to nitrogen oxide. Beginnings of nitrogen oxide include buoy uping and natural combustion of biomass whereas for semisynthetic beginnings the chief 1 is vehicle emanations ( Clarke et al, 2001 ) . Sulphur dioxide is oxidised in the ambiance by a figure of mechanism. In low humidness conditions the most of import reaction is with the hydroxyl extremist ( Harrison and Mora, 1996 ) : SOa‚‚ + OH HOSOa‚‚ HOSOa‚‚ + Oa‚‚ SOa‚? + HOa‚‚ SOa‚? + Ha‚‚O Ha‚‚SOa‚„ Due to sulfuric acid ‘s low vapor force per unit area it can quickly attach to the condensed stage such as aerosol atoms. The majority of Ha‚‚SOa‚„ is lost via wet deposition mechanisms in cloud droplets and precipitation ( Hewitt and Jackson, 2009 ) . In wetting agent climes different reactions occur since cloud H2O droplets are of import in transition of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid. When sulfur dioxide is dissolved in H2O it is in equilibrium with sulphite and bisulphite ions. This can be seen in the undermentioned equations ( Harrison and Mora, 1996 ) : SOa‚‚ ( g ) + Ha‚‚O a†¡? SOa‚‚ ( aq ) SOa‚‚ ( aq ) + Ha‚‚O a†¡? Ha‚?Oa + HSOa‚?a? » HSOa‚?a? » + Ha‚‚O a†¡? Ha‚?Oa + SOa‚a? » Sulphite may be oxidised by atmospheric O but this is a slow procedure unless it is catalysed by a passage metal ion such as Fe. The overall procedure can be seen below, which shows how sulfurous acid, which is a weak acid is converted to Ha‚‚SOa‚„ , a stronger acid ( Harrison and Mora, 1996 ) : 2SOa‚a? » + Oa‚‚ 2SOa‚„?a? » Sulphur dioxide has a short mean abode clip as it has an atmospheric life-time of yearss, so it may come in the free troposphere but is improbable to come in the stratosphere ( Harrison, 1999 ) . This makes it a regional job since the gas does non transcend the planetary horizontal commixture clip, so it can do taint of the ambiance, hydrosphere, and dirt ( Ivanov, 1981 ) . ‘Sulphur emanations lead to acid deposition far from the beginning ‘ ( UNDP, 2000 ) and can hold inauspicious effects on aquatic ecosystems, trees, dirt and substructure. Schindler ( 1988 ) stated that it is now clear that acid rain has caused widespread acidification of many aquatic ecosystems in the north eastern United States, Canada, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Recent information has shown that juvenile fishes and other beings lower in the nutrient web have seen to be intolerant to higher pH values ( Schindler, 1988 ) . This can do trouble at higher trophic degrees as marauding fish may hunger, which can be the cause of decease even before the direct toxication of the H ion ( Schindler, 1988 ) . Persson ( 1981 ) besides found a lessening in reproduction caused by egg and fry mortality, which once more can impact further up the nutrient web. Damage to woods by acerb rain became noticeable in Germany in the early 1980s, shortly following this other states besides reported similar incidences ( Harrison, 1999 ) . Numerous field and research lab surveies have taken topographic point in peculiar with the ruddy spruce in the Northern hemisphere, as it has suffered widespread freezing hurt, growing decrease and mortality ( DeHayes et al, 1999 ) . The freezing hurt instances in ruddy spruce woods has increased over the past 40 old ages, which coincides with the clip of increased emanations of sulfur and N oxides. However the mechanism for the ruddy spruce diminution is non clearly understood. One account is that exposure of trees to promote SOa‚„?a? » in acerb rain may change C metamorphosis of trees, which can worsen the effects of natural emphasis such as cold and drouth ( Schindler, 1988 ) . Another theory is that acerb deposition mobilizes aluminum in the dirt which reduces soils storage of Ca and its handiness for root consumption. Freezing hurt consequences in the loss of leaf which is critical for photosynthesis and hence growing ( DeHayes et al, 1999 ) . Acid deposition can do corrosion on edifices constructed of limestone such as celebrated cathedrals. In damp conditions sulphur dioxide will change over Ca to carbonate to gypsum ( CaSOa‚„ ) which is more soluble than carbonate, therefore the reacted rock can be removed by disintegration ( Harrison, 1999 ) . Solid gypsum occupies a larger volume than carbonate which leads to flaking and checking of stuff from the surface. To reason we can see that sulfur dioxide emanations from the burning of fossil fuels have greatly impacted on the sulfur rhythm, peculiarly in the last 100 old ages, to the extent where it is now the largest flux in the rhythm. One of the remotion mechanisms of sulfur dioxide emanations is acerb deposition, which has found to hold had black effects on aquatic ecosystems, trees and workss and substructure. Reducing these emanations would be good to the latter and may reconstruct the anthropogenetic flux to a degree below the natural flux in the rhythm. How to cite The Influence Of Sulphur Dioxide Emissions Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

My Grandmother free essay sample

My biggest fear has always been being alone. The idea of not having any company and losing my loved ones has always been such a tough subject for me to talk about with anyone, including myself. There comes a point in life though where you have to let go and cope with your loss of someone that you are close with. I have learned growing up that nothing always stay the same and that there is always an ending to something. My grandmother’s death was the experience that taught me how to cope with this loss. I could say that the closest I ever got to my father was my paternal grandmother since I barely interacted with my father. She would tell me stories about him growing up and how he is in general. I had always slept in his old room when I would sleep over and look through their old albums. We will write a custom essay sample on My Grandmother or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a sense, being with my grandmother made me feel like I had a dad and that my parents were not divorced; it made me feel like a normal kid who had both of their parents, which made me happy. Not having my father around growing up has made me feel like I am not wanted and lonely. My grandmother was also someone who I had also considered as a friend. We would do arts and crafts on her patio while eating cookies and cracking jokes. I would not call her by â€Å"grandma† or â€Å"ma†; I would call her by her name, â€Å"Brit.† Brit was a great friend to have who was always there for me. Two-thousand seven was a big year for me because everything was changing for me: new school, new car, new pets, and new experiences. I was so busy that year that I was not visiting, or talking to Brit as frequently as I usually did. Every time I asked, my mom if I could see her, my mom would make up some excuse that she was too â€Å"busy to see me right now.† In the back of my mind, I knew that something was wrong but I was too blind to realize what was happening to her. The last time I had seen my grandmother was my seventh birthday; I remember celebrating my birthday over at my grandparents’ house. My mother and grandfather told me that Brit could not cook and that I could only see her in the master bedroom. Walking into the master bedroom, I remember how awful it smelled and how something felt different. I took one look at Brit and she looked so sick, she could barely speak to me that night; she was hooked to a device that went over her mouth that now thinking about it, was giving her oxygen to breathe. She had given me a ton of her teddy bears and keepsakes for my birthday. â€Å"Why are you giving me all of your stuff?† I asked her while she gave me her gifts. â€Å"Kaylin, I want you to remember me no matter,† she had replied weakly. I completely disregarded any of the clues that I could have used to put together the fact that she was sick with lung cancer and her life was ending. Late on Christmas Eve, my grandfather had left a voicemail for my mom and me that Brit had passed away. I remember how miserable I felt that night going to sleep; I was crying the whole night with one of Brit’s teddy bears in my arms and wishing that she did not die. Christmas is not a time to cry and mourn the loss of a loved one, it was a time to cherish with them. For weeks, I would feel sad every now and then when I thought about Brit and how I could not see her anymore. My mom told me eventually that even though she was gone, that she would always be with me in my heart and that I should celebrate her life, not that she was dead. I knew that when my mom gave me a piece of advice that I should let go of Brit, it was my time to move on and enjoy the rest of my life, not to be miserable and cry over someone. To this day, I still visit my grandparents’ house ever few years since my grandfather has not really been in contact with us since Brit died. When I went over to their house in May, I remember that the house did not feel like the warm, cozy place that was so familiar when growing up as a child. The thing I remember the most being there was that Brit’s old decorations and plants were still there which made me smile a bit because it made me feel like she was still alive and with us. I still remember her every once in a blue moon which makes me a little melancholic every now and then. One thing I know is though that Brit will always be a special person to me who taught me how to cope with the loss of someone.

A Story About Wwf Essay Research free essay sample

A Narrative About Wwf Essay, Research Paper A narrative about WWF # 8220 ; Welcome everybody to Raw IS War! Tonight s chief event is Biting poetries Shawn Michaels for the WWF World Heavyweight Championship. Before we begin, here is a small information on the rival, Sting, # 8221 ; announced Vince McCann. # 8220 ; He hails from Death Valley, California. At 7 pess tall and over 300 lbs, he is the biggest grappler in the WWF. He is the Man from the dark side, # 8221 ; Jim Ross stated. # 8220 ; Ladies and Gentlemen # 8230 ; .. here is your rival # 8230 ; # 8230 ; .. Biting! # 8221 ; The crowd cheers as Biting walks down the incline. He is stopped at the underside of the incline to be interviewed by Gene Oakerland. # 8220 ; Sting, if I can inquire you one inquiry. Why do you desire the rubric so severely? # 8221 ; # 8221 ; Well Gene, of all time since I was a kid, the title belt has been held by disrespecting perverts. I feel it s clip for a existent title-holder get the belt. We will write a custom essay sample on A Story About Wwf Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That is why I m here, I m the people s cham # 8230 ; .. # 8221 ; Before biting could complete his sentence he is attacked by HHH. HHH s spouse distracted the referee long plenty for him to present the lay waste toing Piledriver. With Biting s caput exposed, HHH drops to the land and drives Biting s exposed caput on the cement floor. The force was plenty to interrupt his cervix. Sting was knocked out from the force of the impact. When he awoke, he was in an ambulance. # 8220 ; Where am I? Person please state me where I am, # 8221 ; Biting pleaded. The paramedic treated him to quiet down. # 8220 ; I can t move! I can t travel # 8221 ; he would state. It took about half an hr to Sharp Hospital. Two physicians were waiting for him when he arrived. The instantly took him to the operating room. It was here that Biting found out that he had suffer ed a broken spinal column. The physician ordered an experimental operation. It was a extremely unsafe operation. One muss up could kill the ace. It took five hours to finish the hard operation. Sting was wheeled into his private room. To do him experience more at place, the room was decorated with WWF ware. When Biting woke up, he had a crisp hurting in his cervix. The physician gave him some medical specialty to assist. It worked a small spot. About three hours after he woke up, a physician came in and told him that he likely neer be able to wrestle once more. Biting bosom sunk. He didn T privation to hear that. It was approximately seven in the forenoon when Biting went to kip. It had been about 10 hours since he arrived at the infirmary. For the first two months, all he did was slumber. The medical specialty they were giving him doing him really sleepy. When he was awake, he would travel his manus a small. The little motion of his custodies made the physicians highly happy. They now were certain that he wasn t paralyzed. It took him another 4s months before he could travel his arm absolutely. With the assurance he had gained, he tried to walk out of bed. Equally shortly as he was off the bed, he feel level on his face. Biting was shortly transferred to the San Diego Rehabilitation Center. For the first few months, he would merely sit in bed thought of ways to acquire back HHH. One Sunday, he happened to watch church on t.v. He saw a adult male who claimed that God cured him of palsy. Biting started to pray instantly. # 8220 ; Dear Lord, It s me Sting. I know you are truly busy and all but if you could, I would truly wish to wrestle once more. Amen. # 8221 ; Biting recited this supplication for the following two hebdomads. On the 15th twenty-four hours, he tried to travel his pess

Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine

Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine Introduction Mining is an income generating activity that sees many countries scale the heights of power and economic success. Mineral rich countries in the world include West African states, Canada, Australia, and Russia among others. While the list remains endless, some countries continue to discover lead, gold, fluorspar, diamond, and alumina among other minerals (Cam, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main company of focus is the Goliath Gold Mine (GGM) listed in South Africa’s JSE 4 years ago (Annual Report: Goliath Gold, 2011). Employees in various mines probably suffer chronic diseases due to exposure to poisonous gases. Others are buried in the weak mines, while several others get salaries that do not match the amount of work they do at the mines. Mining is a risk taking activity, and the international community s eems to be on the spotlight. Some of the questions the submission will attempt to answer include what are the ethical and legal implications for mining? If there are consequences of mining as an income generating activity, are there any codes that protect the workers? Lastly, is mining an activity that takes care of the health of the workers? Most oil or gold rich countries in Africa have British or American mining firms working with Africans as casuals. It means that the real owners of the resources do not have the right technological and intellectual assistance to mining; they have to be subordinates in their own countries in order to earn a living. This notwithstanding the potholes left after the mining activity and the health risks posed to the locals at the same time. Best practices Adherence to OSHA regulations The Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) regulations are categorical about the health standards of employees within the work place. According to the regul ations, people should work in non-hazardous environments, and should get compensations for any injuries while at work (Koradecka, 2009). Alumina and Uranium have some of the worst effects on the miners, and it is important for the workers to put on protective gears. These include eye and nose masks and gloves to prevent any form of irritation caused by contact with various minerals.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More OSHA obligates all employers to set a clean and non-hazardous work environment through training, outreach programs, and health education, especially when the work environment is likely to pose danger to the employees. Bureaucratic companies dealing in minerals are likely to ignore such regulations, and the employees keep dying while at work or after few years of exposure to chemicals (Alana, 2012). For instance, at GGM, the precious commodity has to undergo different stages including extraction and washing. There are several chemicals involved, and without protection, the chemicals affect major body organs. Without prompt medical intervention, the case develops in other complex conditions including heart or kidney failure, cancer, or a chronic ailment leading to death (Annual Report: Goliath Gold, 2011). Sometimes the mining company refuses to take responsibility, especially when the firm provided the protective gear, but the victim still got ill. The rationale is that the gases released from the ground have high levels of penetration, and in most cases, the victims die from suffocation. By enforcing the OSHA principles, it will be difficult to come across such cases in the future. Rather, the cases will reduce over time. Inalienable basis human rights Each person has a right to life, and nobody has the right to take it away from him/her irrespective of the circumstance. While many people go to jail because of manslaughter and murder, several mine owners and companies do not face a similar sentence even though their actions amount to murder or manslaughter (Cascio, 1998). Exposing an unskilled worker to several feet below ground level with poor lighting, no oxygen cylinder, and poor protection is like a life sentence while at work. One of the best practices recommended for such situations includes provision of the best work equipment that applies the latest technologies. ISO certification is paramount for each mining company because it helps in identifying firms that apply the commonwealth mining laws (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013).  The first step to providing a safe and clean work environment is to recognize that workers are humans, they have families and friends who depend on them; therefore, their loss would have a great impact on the lives of their dependants. As such, workers need the assurance that they will get free medical cover when they fall ill at work. Besides being an element of motivation, it is a gesture to signify appreciation of life. Secondly, the mines such as gold fields and uranium fields need proper lighting below the surface to prevent tripping or collapse of the wall without the awareness of the team underground.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Employee Health and Safety at Goliath Gold Mine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Latest technologies are equally helpful in reducing workload meaning that they have the ability to conduct surveillance beneath the land surface. Some can also carry out excavation; this would limit the number of people going underground to serve a similar purpose. However, there are concerns that the machinery would replace human labor, and this form of displacement is a cause of conflict among international organizations in the industry and the casual laborers across the world. To respond to the growing need for safety and health, GGM should consider CSR pro grams such as the ones carried out by Harmony Gold mine in Lesotho and parts of South Africa (Zwi, Fonn, Steinberg, 1988). Labor union representation and a functional code of ethics Labor union representation is equally paramount, but the workers have to prepare to part with monthly contributions towards the sustenance of such unions. Labor unions create an opportunity for the employees to address their grievances through the industrial courts, but most Middle East oil manufacturing and aero structures industry do not support the labor unions. For instance, Strata Manufacturing PJSC in Al Ain, Abu Dhabi believes that employees and the supervisors have a code of ethics and a mission statement that strongly supports comradeship. As such, the policies of the company cannot have any loopholes to accommodate any forms of conflict. Such assumptions should not prevail in the mining sector because of the various risks the employees face on a daily basis at work. A functional code of ethics at GGM provides a statutory authority to the supervisors to lead the organizations while the employees follow the due procedures. When the code of ethics fails to achieve the objective for which it was set, both the employees and the supervisors do not perform as per the company’s expectations (Breslow, 2002). For instance, application of health and safety standards is a two-way process that applies to both the managers and the workers. The supervisor provides the helmets, masks, and oxygen cylinders. He/she also invites professionals to educate the laborers on the significance of protection while mining. When the employee fails to heed to all these, the supervisors does not become liable to any accidents. In order to reinforce the same, supervisors and employees should sign the work contract with a clear knowledge of the principles of the code of ethics. This way, both the managers and the employees will take responsibility for any breach of organizational best practice.Adv ertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons for adopting best practice Reputation building through adherence to OSHA regulations GGM has a long way to ensure that the project remains sustainable and the target consumers do not question any legal or ethical activities related to the firm. First, it has to consider engagement in a Local Economic Development (LED) program such as providing scholarships to bright, but poor students, establishing an institution for training laborers about mining, and funding hospices or diabetes treatment centers (Stellman, 1998). Such philanthropic or CSR programs would replace the image it has in relation to its inability to take care of the welfare of workers by exposing them to extremely deep fields. Most workers equally complain of underpayment or delayed payment; this led to defection from the firm in 2009. In a press release, the management of GGM apologized to the workers while explaining that since its inception, it was in the process of creating logistics on how to meet consumer needs while dealing with competition from companies established before South Africa’s independence in 1994. By adopting the OSHA regulations and ensuring that no one violates the principles, GGM will earn consumer goodwill, which will be important for reputation building. In its CSR program, it should refill the pitfalls left after mining, or promote the building of dams to assist the country during dry seasons. Besides mining, the country largely depends on tourism and agriculture (Steger, 2003). The water will be help in generating power and other domestic purposes save for cooking and irrigation because the gold or lead deposits that grow inside the plants often have long-term effects on consumers. Finally, by training people as the OSHA regulations reinforce, the company will get positive media attention, which is equally important in boosting its reputation and attracting new customers while retaining loyal consumers within Africa and the international community (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). Significance of the code of ethics The codes of ethics adopted by GGM since inception in 2011 require appraisal after 3 to 5 years of operation. The reasons for such levels of strategic planning include the identification of strengths and weaknesses while providing recommendations on the next cause of action. In 2008, GGM realized that most minefields in South Africa incorporated artisanal mining techniques or the traditional extraction and washing methods. To the company’ realization, most miners got exposure to mercury, forcing the World Bank to support the closure of most artisanal mines in the country. To date, GGM is not a World Bank agency dealing in extraction of gold in various gold fields in South Africa, but it strives to implement the functional code of ethics adopted in 2011 (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). There are several problems realized even after abandoning the artisanal techniques of mining since t echnological advancements equally come with challenges. Markedly, technology might not stop mercury pollution, and the code of ethics does not have the will to offer directives to the machinery. As such, GGM should review the code of ethics in order to make the company liable to any safety and health concerns instead of relying entirely on technology and ignoring the functional code of ethics the company adopted. By respecting the code of ethics, the company will no longer worry about the environmental land disputes because it will acquire the land mines legally. In addition, the safety and health of the workers and supervisors will be secure, and this will limit the negative international attention received by unethical firms (Koradecka, 2009). There are companies that face cases of illegal eviction of people in order to carry out mining. Like Harmony Mining, Goliath Gold Mining has the responsibility of resettling people, avoiding bureaucratic principles of governance, and incorpo rating ethics in all stages of product development (Breslow, 2002). Legal implications It would be irrational to ignore that no legal implications involve land acquisition, eviction of residents, leaving of pitfalls, and exposure to poisonous gases and chemicals. Acquisition of work permits for gold miners remains one of the most complex exercises for investors. It becomes manageable when the government runs the project, but individual mine owners such as Harmony have a very difficult time in South Africa. Notable legal issues observed by the firm are discussed below. Non-discriminatory training and seeking expert advice GGM is yet to establish an employment criterion that trains and appraises both employees and managers. Currently, there is no clear framework for identifying the number of minority workers in the firm, observing gender balance, and avoiding the deployment of child labor. Since GGM only has three years of operation in the market, it has to ensure that it does not hav e any biases during recruitment and retention. Child labor is equally a concern that destroys the reputation of many mining firms, but GGM does not have such allegations presently. GGM has an inclusivity campaign to ensure that the geochemists, laborers, geologists, and the engineers work together irrespective of their ethnic backgrounds. The firm focuses on expertise, and it should have plans of succession without any form of racial discrimination (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). Observation of legal and civil law GGM does not formulate civil or legal regulations, meaning that it has to account for its land use and resettlement of displaced South African nationals in case the company seeks to acquire land for mining (Annual Report: Goliath Gold, 2011). The executive, the judiciary, and the legislature play significant roles in determining different investment ventures in the country. As such, the judiciary formulates laws that the legislature supports while the exe cutive assents. GGM should have an accredited title deed, a work permit, and a license of work in the various mines renewable by the Pretoria City council upon completion of work. Mines that are close to major roads or railway crossings and airports require way leaves because of future government construction plans (Steger, 2003). Government regulations Each sovereign country has a functional national government that approves most investment programs that are likely to provide jobs for the nationals. Therefore, the South African government has the responsibility of the citizens; it should not allow people to die in the name of earning a company income. GGM is partially dependent on the government; it has to adhere to various government regulations. Common factors worth observance include (Equal Employment Opportunities Codes) EEOC standards and CSR projects that GGM has to conduct in the environment of investment (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2001). GGM has to construct social amenit ies such as schools and health care facilities for the residents of Pretoria among other cities that largely depend on the growth of the industry. The government regulates GGM by ensuring that it is a member of the JSE, the Natural Resource Charter, and the South African Securities Exchange (SAASX) (Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012, 2013). In essence, the government regulations are important in keeping checks and balances while preventing GGM from using its individually crafted policies in running the South African economy. Taxation remains the most common regulation technique, but the costs increase for international companies investing in South Africa. Recommendations The best practice that would ensure that GGM adheres to all the safety and health standards is the appraisal of the code of ethics to match the changing market trends. The code of ethics will definitely address the risks of exposure to mercury and environmental effects of the pitfalls left after mining. GGMâ €™s code of ethics should equally strive at training laborers in order to reduce the number of artisanal gold mining fields while increasing the number of expert laborers in the South African job market (Cam, 2010). A good code of ethics deals with discrimination, respect to authority, equal payment, equal employment, and the significance of obeying both civil and legal regulations. The code of ethics spearheads the strategic plan, which contains the mission and vision statements of the company. This means that employees and supervisors will have a common document that contains all the policies and implications of violating the same while working for GGM. Most companies violate the code of ethics even though they formulate good documents with best practices. By coming up with a good code of ethics that observes inclusivity, it will be difficult to ignore the same. The executive needs to provide the best example by paying taxes, filing returns, initiating CSR programs, and follow ing OSHA regulations, as well as EEOC principles. When this happens, the code of ethics becomes effective to the rest of the team (Stellman, 1998). One of the most important things about the code of ethics is that it also covers the legal duties of GGM and other mining firms that have functional code of ethics. Since South Africa would not want to abandon tourism and farming, most GGM CSR programs should support similar initiatives since the public believes that the increasing number of mines causes a reduction in cultivation space. A code of ethics is likely to face many challenges including ignorance, neglect, and lack of support from bureaucratic leaders. As such, a company attorney and a member of the mining industry regulatory committee should be present when the company generates a code of ethics. The regulatory commission acts as the overseer of the implementation and execution of the code (Gunningham, 2008). This way the commission provides a non-partisan approach to issues while ensuring the GGM operates based on best practices as supported by the code of ethics. Conclusion In summary, the mining industry generates a lot of income for many countries. When countries discover oil, uranium, lead, or gold, they seem to forget other avenues of income generation. Sometimes the mining of various precious commodities becomes the source of various problems including health and safety. Both employees and managers play an imperative role in determining the level of safety and health requisite for each person working at the mine. A proposed best practice to deal with the issue is the establishment of a functional code of ethics that addresses both legal and ethical concerns in relation to mining. References Alana, W. (2012). Peru’s Social Conflict is About More than Mining. Web. Annual Report: Goliath Gold. (2011, June 24). Web. Bennett-Alexander, D., Hartman, L. P. (2001). Employment law for business. Boston, MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Breslow, L. (2002). En cyclopedia of public health. New York: Macmillan Reference. Cam, S. (2010). Soros Gold Bubble at $1,384 as Miners Push Buttons. Web. Cascio, W. (1998). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill. Goliath Gold Annual Report December 2012. (2013, May 28). Web. Gunningham, N. (2008). Occupational Health and Safety, Worker Participation and the Mining Industry in a Changing World of Work. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 29(3), 336-361. Koradecka, D. (2009). Handbook of occupational safety and health. Boca Raton: Taylor Francis. Steger, U. (2003). Corporate Diplomacy: The Strategy for a Volatile, Fragmented Business Environment. Chichester: John Wiley Sons. Stellman, J. M. (1998). Encyclopaedia of occupational health and safety. Geneva: International Labour Office. Zwi, A., Fonn, S., Steinberg, M. (1988). Occupational health and safety in South Africa: The perspectives of capital, state, and unions. Social Science Medicine, 27( 7), 691-702.

TRS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TRS - Essay Example Luke wrote about the early Christian leadership development in the first seven chapters of Acts of the Apostles. The focus is majorly on Jesus’ teachings, the spread of the Gospel, and the events that were experienced in Galilee and Judea. As church leaders and more so the Apostles spread the gospel, they experienced hardships such as persecutions, incorporation of foreigners, maintaining distant followers, and issues of church leadership and policies. 2. Controversies about Gentile Christians The great controversy in the early church was about whether or not Christianity had to be simply another division of Judaism. The focus was on the missionary expansion of Gentiles from Antioch. The issue was basically the basis on which Gentiles were to be admitted to the church and the whole issue of human salvation, whether Gentiles or Jews were at stake. The opinion to resolve this controversy was for people to acknowledge the grace of God in Christ as the sole basis for faith and sal vation as the only necessity from the human side. It was also suggested that gentiles respect the attitudes of their brethrens in Christ. At the end of all these, the Church was freed from being a sect in Judaism, and could expand freely as a unit throughout Europe (Saward 67). 3. Arius belief about Jesus and the controversy around this Arius believed that God and Jesus were not really of the same substance. His belief was in the ontological and the eternal functional subordination of Jesus to God; that the son was lower than the father and that he was created before time. At first, the early church was not sure of how to respond to Aryanism. Athanasius responded by claiming that Jesus was eternally begotten from God and thus they have the same essence. Bishop Alexander left the controversy to go on until he finally came to perceive that it was endangering peaceful co-existence in the church. A local council of Bishops was called upon to resolve the controversy, who decided against these teachings as well as depositing Arius from office and excommunicating his followers. In 325 AD, Constantine took a step to form a council inclusive of church prelates from the Roman Empire to solve the controversy. With Constantine’s influence, most of the bishops settled on the Nicene Creed that had the term homoousios; referring to â€Å"one in essence,† with the meaning contrary to that of Arius. The Nicene Creed circular was distributed in churches to make Christians aware. 4. Effects of the sacrament of baptism to the baptized, according to the early Christians According to Saward (104), in the 3rd and 4th centuries, the early church baptized using the immersion method. They believed that this sacrament forgave sins. To them, in the name of the Father, the son, and the holy Spirit, their sins were washed away by water. Baptism also made one a believer, and whoever refused the sacrament was condemned as an unbeliever. Moreover, baptism was a sign that people were destined to repent and could receive remission of sins, were regenerated, get born again, and were blessed by God. 5. Rabbi Abraham Heschel’s theological understanding of the Sabbath Rabbi Abraham Heschel Viewed the Sabbath as not a healthy rest period aimed at preventing burn-out and a way to carry out productive chores; neither is it equivalent to sleep. On this day, the nature of time is disclosed as

Corporal Punishment Actually Means Hitting Children Research Paper

Corporal Punishment Actually Means Hitting Children - Research Paper Example Corporal punishment seems a simple and effective way to punish children when they stray from desired actions. Children seem to respond much quicker to physical punishments or even the threat of this than they do verbal corrections. Many parents believe that spanking is an acceptable form of punishment and consider the practice as an indispensable component of child-rearing. Others believe hitting anyone is wrong including and maybe especially, a person’s own child. Physically abusing another adult is a crime and when it involves a child, should be considered reprehensible as well. A civilized society should not permit a child to be abused simply because of some perceived biological right that somehow supersedes all others. Is spanking a positive, healthy and effective way to discipline a child or does this practice teach the child that violence is an accepted way to vent anger? This discussion will examine the argument from studies which advocate spanking as well as those whic h denounce the practice. According to Larzelere’s (2000) findings, whether children experience negative or positive outcomes due to their upbringing depends on the rate of recurrence of any disciplinary approach. This includes all types and does not single-out corporal punishment. Consequently, it is determined to be excessive recurrences of bad behavior that is the root-cause of negative outcomes such as excessive punishment – children are not bad because they’ve been spanked but are spanked because they’ve been bad. Parents understand that recurring bad behavior will hamper their child’s chances for a successful life as an adult and feel compelled to diminish poor behavioral patterns with disciplinary techniques they believe to be most effective. Most parents find it necessary to resort to the advice of those older than they regarding how best to handle disciplinary matters, thus acting without the guidance of emerging research and theories regar ding what motivates children and how best to redirect their behavior (Hernandez, 2007). â€Å"There are many aspects which influence parents in this hard job; for example, the culture in which they live, the economic situation in their society, and the religious environment† (Hernandez, 2007). For many of these groups, parents must either rely upon grandparent support and child-raising techniques or avoid raising their children altogether, leaving them to essentially raise themselves, as the parents must spend a majority of their time simply earning the necessary money to keep these same children fed, housed and clothed. This means children are either raised via archaic methods of punishment and behavior expectations or are raised without any boundaries, structure or cultural values. Without time or energy to research the latest knowledge regarding child behavior, what parents need is quality information regarding methods by which to effectively discipline their children with out needing to resort to violence or allowing their children to grow up without appropriate guidance. As it turns out, the most effective punishment techniques are established on the basis of a relationship between the parent and child that is positive and loving. The punishment methods are proactive but measured and administered with competency while being designed to both respect the misbehaving individual and present them with an opportunity to learn from their inappropriate behavior. Many of these concepts are based upon the teachings of Gandhi as they are outlined by R. Rajmohan (2000). According to Rajmohan, Gandhi believed that â€Å"Punishment and disciplinary action might make for an outer show of orderliness and

Anglo-American Special Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Anglo-American Special Relationship - Essay Example Since Britain joined the then European Community in 1973, it has had an uneasy ride with its European partners. The relations have often been turbulentï‚ § Since Britain joined the then European Community in 1973, it has had an uneasy ride with its European partners. The relations have often been turbulentThe UK’s membership in the European Union (EU) that have a self-proclaimed goal of â€Å"ever closer union† was suggested by Rachman (2001) is a question that mattered more in London than in Washington. The US also have special relations among other countries such as Israel, Canada, Mexico (Wright, 2002), Japan and, also the EU.  Economically, there was a difficulty in totally integrating in to the European Union despite the low economic growth in Britain due to the high value of the pound making Britons believe that economy is doing well even while outside the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).   The UK shares 15.3 percent of export to the US while it has considerable larger export to the EU members Germany, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Spain and Italy at around 50 percent. UK also lists Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, China, and Italy along with US (9.3 percent) as its leading import partners.While the US lists Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, along with UK (4.4 percent) as its export partners, it has only Canada, China, Mexico, Japan and Germany as its leading import partners.The British have had their national sovereignty slowly eroded by EU laws and regulations.   While mainland Europe such as Germany rates 43.6 to 56.6 percent and France's rate is 41.6 percent, the UK taxes only about 20 percent considered the lowest in the European Community (Expatica, 2005) making Britons Euro-sceptic as former president of Germany's Central Bank announced "A European currency will lead to member nations transferring their sovereignty over financial and wage policy, as well as in monetary affairs. It is an illusion to think that states can hold on to autonomy over

Is Genetic Engineering Ethically Right Philosophy Essay

Is Genetic Engineering Ethically Right Philosophy Essay Is genetic engineering ethically right? Ethics are standards of right and wrong, good and bad. Ethics is the system of moral principles. They influence how people make decisions and guide their lives. Ethics are concerned with what you must to do to fulfill your moral duty. There are two aspects to ethics which are being able to determine what is right or wrong, good or bad and Committing to doing what is right and good. Furthermore being ethical is more than understanding what is the right thing to do therefore you should avoid wrong and bad. Genetic engineering was discovered in 1970. It involves changing the genetic material form organisms. It often involves taking a gene from one organism and inserting it into the genetic structure of another organism. It gives the power to change many aspects of nature and could result in a lot of life saving treatment. Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification or genetic manipulation. There are several areas of genetic engineering for example genetic engineering of animals, crops, embryos, human cells and cloning. Cloning a human performed by taking genetic materials from one or more human and genetically engineering them into the genes of another human, the first mammal to be cloned is Dolly the sheep. Researchers grow some cells from the organism to be cloned, and remove the nucleus from an unfertilized egg cell. They then take one of the cultured cells and implant it in its entirety into the coating around the egg. Then electroshock the egg to cause the two cells to fuse, and implant the new embryo into a surrogate mother. When the baby is born, two genetically identical individuals of different ages and with different birth parents will exist, therefore the original human will have been cloned. Cloning can be useful if there was a situation a couple has one child and they become infertile and cannot have any more children. Cloning would help them to have a second child but it will a younger twin of the child they already have. Moreover if child is lost soon after birth or in a tragic accid ent they could have their baby or child back by cloning them but it would be like a twin unique individuals they will not have the same characteristics. There are small group of people that support cloning. Supporters of cloning that cloning is unethical than growing a plant from a cutting or giving birth to identical twins, both of which involve two separate and distinct organisms with identical genomes. Since identical twins have the exact same genome, but still grow up with different personalities, clones are raised in entirely different time periods and social backgrounds will be entirely individual despite identical genes. Therefore for the supporters cloning is just another scientific topic and they assume it will become a reproductive choice, and those who wish to clone then selves must have the rights to do. Finally the large majority of people argue that cloning humans is both unnatural and unethical. For instance the cloned child wouldnt have a genetic mother or father it would have a single nuclear donor. For instance if a man cloned himself that child would be a new category of relationship to him as his clone, the child cannot be his son or his twin brother therefore the child would face lots of problems when growing up, other childrens at school will have parents but this child wouldnt. Many religions such as Hindu and Islam also object to cloning, they claim that it is playing God. Genetic engineering of animals includes manipulation of genes in animals of any species. Genetic engineering of animals could have been taking place for thousands of years as humans have chosen which characteristics they like in an animal and its appearance. They have performed this in the form of selective breeding they have then breed these animals in a variety of ways. There are three types of genetic engineering that can be used on animals, these are Xenografting- this is performed by using the human DNA to supplement an animal or vice versa and example if this is animal valves and tissue been used in humans. The human body accepts pig valves and hearts this is because the scientists believe that the DNA of pig heart valves was similar enough to humans and that they were interchangeable under some circumstances. They are hoping to make pigs grow human hearts that were coded by the DNA from humans which has not yet reached for clinical trials. If this was successful many of the pe ople lives can be saved using the pigs heart therefore the clients no longer need to wait for human heart. Cloning of animal using the DNA of one animal to another animal with the identical genetic information an example of this is Dolly the sheep. This is done by inserting the DNA of one animal into the foetus of the same species. There are befits on it has great potential as a money making industry and also in producing genetically identical animals for testing and reproduce and clone for example cloning the best cows that produce the most milk or meat this can be quick and cheap for farmers. Finally manipulation this is the changing of animal DNA. An example of this is when scientists had a successful attempt where they genetically engineered a pig to produce human insulin that can be used to treat diabetes, this is very beneficial to humans and it is being used medically to treat type one diabetes. Another type of genetic engineering is genetic modification of embryo also known as designer baby. In genetic engineering ethical issues involved. Ethics Xenografting deals with both human and animal there are ethics involved with both groups. Xenografting gives animals human DNA and human animals DNA. This can question people because an animal cannot contain human DNA as it would not be an animal if it did. Furthermore animals are a step down from human in the food chart therefore if a chicken contain human DNA human might not want to eat something that has the same DNA. What are the current and potential benefits that make genetic engineering of animals worth while? How does the chemical based genetic modification differ from the age old process of selective breeding? Should companies be allowed to patent the genetic modification of an animal? If not, what steps can they take to protect their research? There are endless amounts of questions involved in genetic engineering in general but I think the decisions are particularly jarring with animals because they are very similar to humans; more so than plants. Are humans ready to handle a future where their bloodlines may include animal genes from someone who got a pig/human heart transplant? For genetic engineering of animals to be useful and practical humans must come to grips with coming into contact with animals that contain human genes and vice versa. There may be humans with pig hearts in the very near future. There are also risks associated with any kind of genetic engineering, but if society can agree with it on a basic level it will lead to a lot of good. There is a huge amount of money invested already and even more waiting for a chance. Genetic engineering is the thing of the future. Religious beliefs may be tested, genetic engineering of animals may not be part of the future, but in some form genetic engineering as a whole will have a profound impact on our future. Once genetic engineering of animals is accepted a big issue is the relationship between science and money. Genetic engineering is advancing thanks to the large amounts of green given by corporations who see it as an investment. If they can increase milk production in cows or make animal/human organs that are not susceptible to rejection they will be rich. This kind of research and development has potential as a money making device, a research tool, and in medicine. Conflicts Between Industry and Medicine The battle is between private investments and other money, government and private, looking to advance the science. On one hand genetic engineering of animals has great promise. It could solve the shortage of organs which kills thousands of people each year as they wait in line for an organ they may receive too late. This is something that has great promise as an investment and an asset to society. There are other more short termed money making research projects that debase the scientific community and hurt the welfare of society. These are things associated seldom with the medical field but more often with production. For example the use BGH (Bovine Growth Hormone) in cows to increase their milk production. This was not an medical concern and it has few benefits, except for cutting down on grazing land, but enough milk was already being produced. These production minded projects taint the medical promise of genetic engineering and turn it into a dangerous money making scheme. There a re many risks associated w ith genetic engineering. It is a field that is not completely understood and there are many risks involved; disease (both for one generation or genetically based), infection from animal genes, and a restriction of the genetic base (like inbreeding) with more to come. Genetic engineering will be a part of our future and DNA from non-human animals has already been useful. Soon this explosive new industry will find its limits within societys morals. Cloning Cloning in animals can be accomplished by inserting the DNA of one animal into the fetus of the same specie along with a vector which gets cleans out the DNA already in the embryo. Sometimes the vector does not get rid of the original DNA of the fetus or the fetus does not adopt the new DNA. It took 277 attempts for the scientists to clone Dolly from the skin cell of a six year old. This shows some of the shortcomings of cloning that are likely to change with time. Currently scientists have trouble cloning embryos without miscarriages. The embryos that do take to the new DNA also have a greater likelihood of mutations. An additional problem stems from the fact that the cells come from other animals. Dollys DNA came from a six year old lamb. Now some of the worries, based on chromosome tests of Dollys cells, relate to the fact that while Dolly is only one year old some of her chromosomes have mutations that are common in much older sheep. This means that while Dolly is only one year old she may also have cha racteristics or cells that are seven years old. There are also questions about whether or not the cloned animals will be fertile. Dolly is almost old enough to reproduce now and this will be one test of whether or not cloned animals can be fertile. However, scientists will still want to look at a larger sample size before they decide whether or not cloned animals are infertile. There have been other instances where animals have been successfully cloned. Cloning has great potential as a money making industry and also in producing genetically identical animals for testing. Much of the cloning research in animals thus far has been focused on cattle. There would be great demand for a technology that could reproduce the best cows (produce the most milk, or meat, etc.) quickly and cheaply. Gene Manipulation Thus far the scientists have had bad results trying to manipulate animal genes. There have been good results but many of the studies are still pending. One successful attempt has been the engineering of a pig to produce human insulin that can be used to treat diabetes. Research is also being conducted at both Dartmouth and Duke University over using pigs hearts that have enough human characteristics to keep from being rejected by humans. These pigs would be used for heart and valve transplants. Some of the problems are the difficulty involved with doctoring the genes of a higher level organism and the differences that still exist between humans and animals. Even once pig hearts can be used in humans they will still have a different circulatory system and life expectancy to contend with among other problems. Manipulation-The changing of animal DNA. Genehis means that science can engineer farm animals to grow faster, have healthier meat and flesh, and be less able to feel the pain and suffering often associated with the conditions present in modern factory farms.   Genetically engineered animals are also created to help medical researchers in their quest to find cures for genetic disease, like breast cancer.  Ã‚  Finally, endangered animal species can be cloned, thus helping wildlife management in its goals of preserving wild populations of the earths biological diversity, and by ensuring that endangered animals genetic information will not be lost when the last of the species dies.   This use of modern technology is not without its drawbacks or its critics.  Ã‚  By genetically engineering farm and research animals, critics argue, we may be undoing what nature has worked to create over millions of years.  Ã‚  Natural animals are specifically adapted to a given environment and when science manipulates the genes of a few species in the ecosystem, the entire balance of the ecosystem might fall completely apart causing an unknown number of natural animal species to grow ever extinct.  Others argue that animals should possess, at a bare minimum, the right to be free of genetic manipulation or a reduction in their natural abilities.   Despite this debate, the law in both the United States and in Europe, tends to support genetic engineering research and development by allowing genetically engineered animals to be patented.  Ã‚  Patents give scientists a monopoly over their genetically engineered animal species, something before unheard of in modern economic systems.  Typically, animals could be owned, but never entire species.   Regardless, we must not wait and see what the effects genetic engineering animals will have on the earth.  Ã‚  We must form educated opinions, lobby for government regulation, and hope that whatever direction that bioengineering takes us, is a positive step towards decreased animal suffering, increased environmental sustainability, and an overall compassionate regard for the earth and its precious life. http://www.animallaw.info/topics/tabbed%20topic%20page/spusgenengin.htm The ethical issue of cloning humans has been a debatable topic, for example the controversy over Dolly, the first cloned mammal. Supporters of cloning argue that it is no more unnatural than binary fission, the process by which bacteria reproduce to produce identical copies of themselves; they go on to state that cloning is no more unethical than growing a plant from a cutting or giving birth to identical twins, both of which involve two separate and distinct organisms with identical genomes. Since identical twins have the exact same genome, but still grow up with different personalities, clones raised in entirely different time periods and social contexts will be entirely individual despite identical genes. In this view, cloning is just another scientific topic and will become just another reproductive option, and those who wish to research cloning or to be cloned should not be stopped. There is a small group of people who oppose cloning or at least stop on it for the time being for practical, not moral or ethical, reasons. These people argue that cloning is ethically acceptable, but practically unsound because of the resultant decrease in the genetic diversity of the human gene pool. They also advise more extensive experiments on the effects of cloning on animals before human beings are cloned. Finally, a large majority of people argue that cloning humans is both unnatural and unethical. They cite fears that include: peoples individuality being impaired or ruined due to cloning technologies; aggressor nations creating armies of cloned soldiers to assault other nations; overpopulation due to sudden ease of reproduction; depletion of the human gene pool; and a number of concerns about the moral status of clones. Some go so far as to postulate a stratified society divided into the cloned and the uncloned, and fears about eugenics or of reserving cloning technology to the genetically desirable generally surface. Many religions also object to cloning, again by claiming that it is playing God. http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/introduction/intro_1.shtml http://www.sbctc.edu/public/trustees/what_are_ethics.pdf ******** http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/evolution/reproductionrev6.shtml http://library.thinkquest.org genetically modified animals ethics read on it http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3078015/ https://govhs.org/vhsweb/Gallery.nsf/Files/Genetic+Engineering,+a+group+project/$file/animal.html http://www.humancloning.org/benefits.php

1980-1990 Essay -- Essays Papers

1980-1990 The United States had many significant events occur during this 1980’s. In 1980, Ronald Reagan and Jimmy Carter ran against one another for President. A few months later, Reagan won 43 to 35 million votes over Carter (Bondi 464). This began the "Reagan restoration" period, which was supposed to help get Americans to cut down on abortion, violence and racism (Bondi XI). One year later in 1981 President Reagan was shot in the chest in an "attempted assassination" (Bondi 673). In 1986, the Challenger Shuttle exploded seventy-three seconds after it took off, killing all of the astronauts on board. This explosion delayed the next trip to outer space until the "Discovery Orbit" in 1988 (Bondi 718,736). Finally, in 1988 George Bush and Dan Quale ran against each other for President resulting in a 47 to 40 Bush victory (Bondi 736) Furthermore, throughout the 1980’s, there were several world events that made a mark in history. On July 29, 1981, Prince Charles and Princess Diana were married in Great Britain on a warm summer day in front of millions of viewers around the world. This glorious day was "formally declared a holiday throughout Great Britain (Burrows 432). Also, during this time period women were demanding to have a larger and more respected role in society. On June 9, 1983, Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of Britain, was reelected to an even higher position in the House of Commons. She was granted this position mainly due to her outstanding leadership skills during the Falklands War of 1982 (Burrows 443). Lastly, on November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn apart by those who wanted to integrate "the two Germanies." This allowed the Germans to finally be able to travel "through Hungary and into Australia (Burr... ... in the 1980’s. The University joined the Midwest Collegiate Conference in 1988-89 in hopes to gain a bid to the NCAA games. In 1989, Flyers’ head basketball coach for more than two decades, Don Donoher, was fired from his position. Soon after that, on April 19,1989, the University hired the highly respected, Jim O’Brian (Schweikart). Cathy Song was an amazing poet of the 1980’s. She often uses her own life experiences in her writing. One of her best works was "Picture Bride." This poem is about a twenty-three year old Korean woman who chose to leave home on her own and move to a foreign country with nothing but a picture of the man she has longed to be with. This poem coincides with the 1980’s era due to the fact that it exemplifies how the women of this decade are starting to become very independent and are willing to try and experience new things for themselves.

Gun Laws Essay

The Second Amendment in the United States Constitution gives people the right to keep and bear arms. The Second Amendment has been interpreted in many ways, and its limitations and what it controls have been questioned. The question that arises over and over again is that will stricter gun laws make the United States safer or more perilous. The answer is clear. With lack of gun control and that black market guns are at almost every street corner whether you think it or not. Guns are a very dangerous weapons, and the United States has to create stricter laws in order to operate and obtain them in order to protect the public. Stricter gun laws would improve the criminal justice system. For example, a national registry which contained finger printing and gun information would allow for the bullets at a crime scene to be traced back to the owner. The only way to get guns off the streets is for Government to take action and for laws to be put down. The goal for stricter gun laws is simple. It is to make it harder for dangerous people to get their hands on guns, improving the safety of guns, and regulating the sales of guns at gun shows and on the streets. The debate over gun control has continued for many years. In 1939 there was an important case, United States vs. Miller, which dealt with the Second Amendment. In this case the supreme court was asked to decide whether or not the Second Amendment protected Miller’s right to not register a sawed off shotgun. A sawed off shotgun is a shotgun with a shorter barrel therefore it shoots out less accurately but more spread out with the same power as a regular shotgun. They are very dangerous especially in smaller places. During that time the Supreme Court believed that the Second Amendment protected those who had weapons for military use only. As a result the Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment did not protect Miller’s right to own a sawed off shotgun because he did not have it for military purposes. Gun control opponents deny that federal policies keep firearms out of the hands of high-risk persons; rather, they argue, controls often create burdens for law- abiding citizens and infringe upon constitutional rights provided by the Second Amendment. Some argue further that widespread gun ownership is one of the best deterrents to crime as well as to potential tyranny, whether by gangs or by government. They may also criticize the notion of enhancing federal, as opposed to state, police powers. So what these gun lovers want to do is defend their homes from those they feel threaten them and use guns for protection. The NRA also says over and over again that it will cost tax payers millions if the number of gun sales drop. Is there really a price for saving lives?

Free Essays on Psychology Report

During Expedition One a range of psychological measures, informal observation, crew discussion and other means were used to collect information about crew psychological issues. The overall goal of the psychological studies was to gain insight into crew individual and group issues that may be relevant to a human mission to Mars or other prolonged human spaceflight. Another goal was to gather information relevant to improved functioning for future MDRS crews. Most of the comments below relate to Phases III and IV, when the majority of data collection took place, but some is relevant to the entire mission. Along with specifically psychological measures, the crew psychologist was also involved in human factors studies. These are covered in a separate Human Factors report. Major psychology research findings from ExOne will be reported in future publications once data can be properly analysed. The purpose of the current document is to summarise the measures used, impressions regarding outcomes of the studies and recommendations/implications for the future. Formal Measures - Social Psychological Measures All crew members completed a questionnaire entitled "Personal and Group Functioning Survey". This instrument was developed by social psychologists Dr Kate Reynolds & Dr Rachael Eggins at the School of Psychology, Australian National University. It is based on an extensive literature and research on issues of group identity and goal alignment conducted by the Social Psychology Research Unit at ANU. It aims to help determine the extent to which crew members on ExOne identified with ExOne overall as well as with it's subgroups such as Field Science and Mission Systems. In turn it aims to measure the degree to which crewmembers aligned their personal goals with the overall ExOne group and it's subgroups. Crewmembers in Phases III and IV completed the questionnaire three times each week. The data will be analysed back at ANU and results... Free Essays on Psychology Report Free Essays on Psychology Report During Expedition One a range of psychological measures, informal observation, crew discussion and other means were used to collect information about crew psychological issues. The overall goal of the psychological studies was to gain insight into crew individual and group issues that may be relevant to a human mission to Mars or other prolonged human spaceflight. Another goal was to gather information relevant to improved functioning for future MDRS crews. Most of the comments below relate to Phases III and IV, when the majority of data collection took place, but some is relevant to the entire mission. Along with specifically psychological measures, the crew psychologist was also involved in human factors studies. These are covered in a separate Human Factors report. Major psychology research findings from ExOne will be reported in future publications once data can be properly analysed. The purpose of the current document is to summarise the measures used, impressions regarding outcomes of the studies and recommendations/implications for the future. Formal Measures - Social Psychological Measures All crew members completed a questionnaire entitled "Personal and Group Functioning Survey". This instrument was developed by social psychologists Dr Kate Reynolds & Dr Rachael Eggins at the School of Psychology, Australian National University. It is based on an extensive literature and research on issues of group identity and goal alignment conducted by the Social Psychology Research Unit at ANU. It aims to help determine the extent to which crew members on ExOne identified with ExOne overall as well as with it's subgroups such as Field Science and Mission Systems. In turn it aims to measure the degree to which crewmembers aligned their personal goals with the overall ExOne group and it's subgroups. Crewmembers in Phases III and IV completed the questionnaire three times each week. The data will be analysed back at ANU and results...

The Marketing of Jamiroquai Essay Example

The Marketing of Jamiroquai Essay Example The Marketing of Jamiroquai Essay The Marketing of Jamiroquai Essay Sony Music International, whose head office is based in New York, comprises sixty different affiliate companies world-wide, one of which is Sony Music UK. Sony Music UK became a pure record company in 1965, with two of its main objectives being to discover and market UK artists, and to penetrate the UK market using international artists. The organization became increasingly popular and successful throughout the 1970s and 1980s and is now one of the most powerful record companies in the world, and generates more annual revenue than any of its competitors, as illustrated by the bar chart below However, despite its strength and success, Sony Music has recently suffered from a major decrease in turnover and profits, as illustrated in the graphs on the following page. This is the result of a drastic change in the singles market; the UK sales of singles have plummeted, with figures for singles sales currently being the lowest on record for the past 25 years. Unfortunately, this trend does not appear to be changing; singles sales in 2002 totaled less than  £100 million in the first time since 1994, down 13.7% on 2001. Jamiroquai In 1991, Sony Music decided to launch the sub-label Soho Square. Jamiroquai, a multi-cultural English band led by singer Jason Kay was formed a year later in 1992. They released a song called When You Gonna Learn? on the independent London-based label Acid Jazz which generated a lot of attention, and were immediately inundated with offers from numerous record companies. Soho Square offered Kay an eight-album contract for  £1.3 million in 1992, but were not interested in signing the rest of his band. Kay accepted, but decided to keep his original band and pay them himself. Since 1992, Jamiroquai has continued to be Soho Squares most important and profitable artist. The band has a very distinctive musical sound which is not easily categorized and best described as a fusion of disco, jazz, funk and soul, and has consequently allowed them to attract a multi-racial fan-base. The bands image is very strong; their name incorporates the words Jam (as in a musical jam session) and Iroquis, the name of an indigenous American-Indian tribe who value the environment highly, which reflects both the bands love of music and their concern for the environment. Jamiroquais debut album on Soho Square, Emergency on Planet Earth, released in 1993, went straight to number one, and made them the top-selling English band of that year. Since then, Jamiroquai have continued to be very successful, selling a total of 16 million albums worldwide, having a dozen Top 30 chart hits, and winning numerous awards. Although Jamiroquais importance to Sony Music as a whole is not great, Jamiroquai is Soho Squares most successful act, and is a high priority to the sub-label as the band has allowed Soho Square to achieve its objective of successfully breaking an unknown UK band. Also, the fact that Kay is signed to Sony Music for 8 albums, a figure much higher than the US average 4 album contract offered to other artists, it is clear that Sony Music has long-term aspirations for the band. One of Sony Musics main objectives for Jamiroquai is to exploit its past marketing experience to allow Jamiroquai to break and conquer the US market. Sony Music, as the largest record company in the industry, has a wide variety of tools and resources available, in particular its extensive network of contacts within the music media, which, if managed effectively, can help to meet this objective. Sony Musics Environment Sony Music recognises the importance of managing its micro-environment in order to ensure efficiency and success in its marketing campaigns, as well the importance of interacting with and adapting to its macro-environment in order to preserve its competitive advantage and remain ahead of its competitors. Sony Musics Micro-Environment The company The process of setting up a marketing campaign for the band is carried out by Sony Music as follows: Management will set objectives stating desired single and album sales and other strategies for Jamiroquai, and will communicate these to the rest of the company. It is then up to the marketing department to work with other departments, such as Research and Development, to assess how to attract its target audience. Suppliers The company is responsible for all of its own supplies; it is self-sufficient in that it owns its artist and produces its own CDs and other forms of media (e.g. LPs and DVDs). Marketing Intermediaries Sony Musics marketing intermediaries comprise the following: Resellers- The number of reseller mediums available to Sony Music have increased dramatically in the past decade, with CDs being sold at specialist music stores, online companies, supermarkets and music mega-stores such as HMV and Tower Records. Physical Distribution Firms- Instead of working with external firms, Sony Music UK has its own warehouse located in Aylesbury, where all CDs and other forms of media are stored and shipped, allowing the organisation to keep costs down. Marketing Services Agencies- Sony Music is able to reduce its marketing costs by arranging the vast majority of its marketing itself. In Sony Music, it is not only the Marketing Department that is responsible for marketing, but also the Press and Public Relations Departments, ensuring that publicity and advertising for all artists are maximised. Financial Intermediaries- Being a multi-billion pound organisation, Sony Music does not rely as heavily on financial intermediaries as other organizations, but its recent decline in profits could change this trend in the near future. Customers Sony Musics products are targeted to specific consumer markets, but although market research is carried out via Sony Music mailing lists, and a recently-launched Sony Student Website which aims to gain information from the student population, the market research aimed specifically at Jamiroquai fans is limited, with it being more focused on a range of Sony Music artists. Competition Sony Music faces fierce competition from others within the music industry, namely the other members of the Big Five: EMI, Universal, Warner Bros and BMG. With Sony Musics current profit and turnover dives, it is essential that the company remains aware of its competitors plans and marketing strategies. Sony Music tries to position Jamiroquai in its consumers minds as a band that transcends an array of music and racial boundaries, and sees this as its main source of competitive advantage. The organisation aims to maintain its success, like all other record companies, via its Artists and Repertoire Department which is constantly on the look-out for new talent and which also tries to persuade artists signed to other labels to sign to Sony Music. Publics The two publics that most affect Sony Music are: Media Publics- The media can have a negative effect on Jamiroquais album and single sales. Sony Music try to control this by setting up publicity stunts that they believe will help boost sales, and by maintaining good relationships with editors of publications and heads of music at radio stations, to ensure that Jamiroquai gets the best ratings, reviews and airplay possible. General Public- Sony Music understands the importance of keeping Jamiroquais image as consumer-friendly as possible, and does this by changing the bands image where necessary. For example, when trying to break Jamiroquai in the USA, Sony Music decided to change the lyrics on the bands Return of the Space Cowboy album to suit the American populations views on cannabis: Cheeba Cheeba (slang for cannabis) was changed to Freeba Freeba Gotta get high was changed to Gotta get sly Sony Musics Macro-Environment Economic Environment It is expected that by 2010, the Asian Tigers, India and China, will have a combined GDP of 28%, which is 10% higher than the predicted GDP of USA, and of Western Europe and Japan. These developing markets represent potential markets, as their standards of living, wealth and demand for technological goods are all on the increase. Demographic Environment The UK, like the majority of developed countries, has an ageing population; it is predicted that 38% of the population will be over 50 years old in 2031. This older generation will be likely to spend a significant percentage of their income on leisure activities (including music). It is therefore wise for Sony Music to investigate targeting this audience. Another trend is increasing European integration, leading to the creation of the Euro-consumer. Sony Music has the advantage of Jamiroquais multi-racial and multi-cultural band appealing to the diverse inhabitants of EU member states, and should maintain this image to attract more of these new Euro-consumers. Cultural Environment Celebrities and music groups have a considerable effect on peoples attitudes and appearance. Kays strong and unique image (he is famous for his flamboyant hats and his collection of fast cars) means that Jamiroquai is distinctive and easily-recognisable. However his numerous violent outbursts and bad behaviour have also caused him to be regarded negatively by many, as his behaviour goes against the moral beliefs and values of the general public (Reference: Page A1). Political and Natural Environment The growth of public interest groups have proven beneficial to Jamiroquai, as Kays much-publicised support for the environment has gained him many supporters. Jamiroquai recently performed a benefit concert for Friends of the Earth and played a short set near the Danish Embassy in protest at whale culling around the Faroe Islands. Technological Environment Technology has had a big impact on the music industry, its biggest threat to date being music-swapping software, as companies such as Napster have caused significant dents in Sony Musics profit margins because of the fact that their 51 million users do not want to buy music that they can obtain for free on the Internet. There have been ongoing legal battles between Sony Music and Napster, with a resolution yet to found. Fortunately, success was found by Sony Music with MP3.com: joining forces, the Big Five record companies (Sony Music, EMI, Universal, Warner Bros and BMG) deluged MP3.com with lawsuits charging the company with enabling Internet piracy, with the result being MP3.com paying Sony Music $20 million. Sony Music also introduced a revolutionary idea to try and combat music-swapping software: the production of non-copiable CDs which cannot be uploaded onto the Internet or burnt onto other CDs. This idea has been met with mixed reviews, as many consumers have turned against Sony Music for doing so. Also, it has been rumoured that Taiwanese companies are secretly developing hardware to read these CDs.